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Creators/Authors contains: "FeiyuanYua, WolfgangS.M€ullera"

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  1. (, Ultrasound in medicine biology)
    Objective: Focused ultrasound(FUS)canmodulateneuronalactivitybydepolarizationorhyperpolarization. Although FUS-evokeddepolarizationhasbeenstudiedextensively,themechanismsunderlyingFUS-evoked hyperpolarization (FUSH)havereceivedlittleattention.Inthestudydescribedhere,wedevelopedaprocedure using FUStoselectivelyhyperpolarizemotoraxonsincrayfish. Asapreviousstudyhadreportedthattheseaxons express mechano-andthermosensitivetwo-poredomainpotassium(K2P)channels,wetestedthehypothesisthat K2P channelsunderlieFUSH. Methods: Intracellular recordingsfromamotoraxonandamuscle fiber wereobtainedsimultaneouslyfromthe crayfish openerneuromuscularpreparation.FUSHwasexaminedwhileK2Pchannelactivitiesweremodulated by varyingtemperatureorbyK2Pchannelblockers. Results: FUSH intheaxonsdidnotexhibitacoherenttemperaturedependence,consistentwithpredictedK2P channel behavior,althoughchangesintherestingmembranepotentialofthesameaxonsindicatedwell-behaved K2P channeltemperaturedependence.Thesameconclusionwassupportedbypharmacologicaldata;namely, FUSH wasnotsuppressedbyK2Pchannelblockers.ComparisonbetweentheFUS-evokedresponsesrecordedin motor axonsandmuscle fibers revealedthatthelatterexhibitedverylittleFUSH,indicatingthattheFUSHwas specific totheaxons. Conclusion: It isnotlikelythatK2PchannelsaretheunderlyingmechanismforFUSHinmotoraxons.Alternative mechanisms suchassonophoreandaxon-specific potassiumchannelswereconsidered.Althoughthesonophore hypothesis couldaccountforelectrophysiologicalfeaturesofaxonalrecordings,itisnotconsistentwiththelack of FUSHinmuscle fibers. Anaxon-specific andmechanosensitivepotassiumchannelisalsoapossible explanation. 
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